What is VoltStorage redox flow battery technology?

VoltStorage, a German energy storage startup founded in 2016, has developed vanadium redox flow battery technology for industrial and agricultural sectors to meet their energy requirements during periods of low wind and low sun.

Are aqueous redox flow batteries safe at low temperatures?

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative Operating aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) at low temperatures is prohibited by limited solubility of redox-active materials, freezing electrolytes and sluggish reaction kinetics.

How do flow batteries work?

When the battery is charged or discharged, the electrolytes flow through the half-cells in contact with the electrodes via external pumps. This is very different from lithium-ion batteries. The majority of flow battery systems are based on vanadium, Fe—Cr, and Zn—Br. They are simple systems and easy to scale up.

Do vanadium redox flow batteries perform well at low temperature?

The state-of-the-art vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) perform poorly at decreasing temperatures (lower solubility, lower redox kinetics and so on) 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. A handful of reports studied the low-temperature properties of the VRFBs 5, 6, 7, 8 and attempted to improve the low-temperature VRFBsʼ performance (5 °C) by additives 9.

Do hpvb flow batteries perform better at low temperatures?

These observations further confirm the superior electrochemical performance of the HPVB flow batteries at low temperatures (−20 °C). We conducted 17 O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments of HPOM and LiPOM before and after protonation (R3, R4).

What is a thermally regenerable redox flow battery?

The thermally regenerable redox flow battery (see Figure 1) is a two-compartment electrochemical cell that uses a Na-super-ionic conductor (NASICON) ceramic membrane as a diaphragm. At variance with polymeric membranes, ceramic membranes do not suffer from ionic strength-dependent performances.