Are lithium-ion batteries dangerous?

1. Introduction Electrochemical power sources such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are indispensable for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale energy storage. However, the currently used commercial LIBs employ flammable liquid electrolytes and thus pose serious safety hazards when misused (i.e., overcharged).

Are solid-state batteries the future of energy storage?

Therefore, developing next-generation energy-storage technologies with innate safety and high energy density is essential for large-scale energy-storage systems. In this context, solid-state batteries (SSBs) have been revived recently due to their unparalleled safety and high energy density (Fig. 1).

Should energy storage systems have a low self-discharge rate?

In addition, a low self-discharge rate of SSBs (< 2% in one month) should be realized for large-scale energy-storage systems. Most SSBs are currently fabricated with and tested under high pressure, leading to many engineering issues in practical applications.